Airline Regulations on Lithium Batteries – Complete Guide for All U.S. Airlines

Traveling with electronics means dealing with lithium batteries – from phone and laptop batteries to power banks and camera spares. 

All U.S. airlines strictly regulate these batteries for safety. The key rule across the board: spare lithium batteries are not allowed in checked baggage due to fire risks. You must carry them on the plane. 

Devices containing lithium batteries (like phones, laptops, tablets) can go in carry-on or checked luggage, but if in checked bags they must be completely powered off. 

U.S. airlines follow FAA and TSA guidelines: small lithium-ion batteries (under 100 Wh) are generally allowed in unlimited quantities in carry-on, while larger batteries (100–160 Wh) need airline approval and are limited (usually two spares per person). Batteries over 160 Wh are mostly prohibited on passenger flights. 

Below we break down the policies of every major U.S. airline – American, Delta, United, Southwest, Alaska, JetBlue, and more – so you know how to pack your lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries safely and in compliance with each carrier’s rules.

Quick Overview: Lithium Battery Rules on U.S. Airlines (Summary)

• No spares in checked bags: All U.S. airlines prohibit loose spare lithium batteries (uninstalled batteries, power banks) in checked luggage. Spares must go in carry-on bags or be kept on your person. Devices with batteries can be checked if needed, but the device must be off and protected from damage.

• Carry-on quantity limits: Small lithium-ion batteries under 100 watt-hours (typical for phones, tablets, camera batteries) are allowed in carry-on without a strict count limit for personal use. However, airlines like Southwest cap it at 20 spare batteries per passenger, and Frontier is more restrictive with a limit of two spares. Most other carriers follow the FAA’s guidance of a reasonable amount (often interpreted as 15–20 batteries maximum per person).

• Watt-hour restrictions: Lithium-ion batteries up to 100 Wh are allowed in carry-on freely. Larger lithium-ion batteries between 100 and 160 Wh (common in extended laptop batteries or professional video equipment) are allowed only in carry-on and usually require airline approval, with a limit of two per passenger. Lithium-ion batteries above 160 Wh are forbidden on passenger aircraft (except possibly if part of approved medical or mobility devices). Lithium-metal batteries (non-rechargeable, like certain camera batteries) are limited to 2 grams of lithium content each (roughly equivalent to AA lithium batteries); any lithium-metal battery over 2 g lithium content is banned.

• E-cigarettes and personal devices: Electronic cigarettes/vaping devices (which contain lithium batteries) are not allowed in checked bags on any airline – they must be in carry-on, and you cannot use them in-flight. Similarly, smart luggage with built-in lithium power banks is only allowed if the battery can be removed; if you check a smart bag, you must remove its battery and carry it on. Hoverboards and electric scooters (self-balancing devices with large lithium batteries) are universally banned from both carry-on and checked baggage on U.S. airlines due to fire hazard.

• Damaged or recalled batteries: If a lithium battery is damaged, swollen, or recalled (for example, the infamous Galaxy Note 7 phone), it cannot fly on any airline. Airlines will refuse transportation of such items for safety. Always replace or professionally dispose of any battery that is subject to a safety recall before your trip.

In the sections below, we detail each major airline’s specific policies on lithium batteries, and provide tips for packing batteries safely when you fly.

Why Are Lithium Batteries Restricted on Flights?

Lithium batteries, while ubiquitous in our gadgets, pose a unique fire risk on airplanes. These batteries can overheat and go into thermal runaway, a chain reaction that can lead to extreme heat and fire that is difficult to extinguish. 

In a pressurized aircraft cabin or cargo hold, a battery fire is a serious emergency. For this reason, aviation authorities and airlines treat lithium batteries as hazardous items. Fires have occurred on planes due to batteries in devices like phones, laptops, or spare power banks. The concern is especially high in the cargo hold of a plane, where a fire could go undetected. 

FAA guidelines strongly urge that all lithium batteries be carried in the cabin (carry-on) where crew can monitor and handle any incidents. 

In the cabin, flight attendants have fire extinguishers and Lithium fire containment bags to manage an overheating battery, and they can react quickly if a device starts smoking or burning. 

In contrast, a fire in the cargo hold from a checked bag might overwhelm the fire suppression system. This is why spare batteries are never allowed in checked luggage and why even devices with batteries are recommended to be in carry-on if possible. 

Another reason for restrictions is to prevent short-circuits and damage. If battery terminals touch metal objects or get crushed, they can short out and ignite. Packing requirements (like insulating terminals with tape or keeping batteries in their original packaging) are designed to avoid such incidents. 

Overall, the rules on lithium batteries exist to protect everyone on board from a potential fire hazard at 30,000 feet.

FAA & TSA Rules: The Baseline for All Airlines

All U.S. airlines follow the baseline regulations set by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and enforced during security screening by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). Here are the core FAA/TSA rules that apply no matter which airline you fly:

Spare Batteries In Carry-On Only

Spare lithium-ion or lithium-metal batteries (not installed in equipment) are only allowed in carry-on baggage. You cannot pack loose batteries or power banks in checked luggage. 

If you gate-check a bag (e.g. a carry-on given up at the plane door due to space), you must remove any spare batteries or e-cigarettes and carry them with you in the cabin.

Devices With Batteries

You may pack devices with embedded lithium batteries (like a laptop, camera, tablet, smartphone, electric razor, etc.) in checked baggage if absolutely necessary, but the device must be turned completely off (not in sleep or standby) and protected from accidental activation. 

It’s safer to keep these devices in your carry-on. Most airlines explicitly advise that electronic devices with lithium batteries should be in the cabin if possible.

100 Wh Threshold (Lithium-Ion)

The FAA sets 100 watt-hours (Wh) as a key threshold for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. 

Batteries under 100 Wh (typical for phones, tablets, camera batteries, drone batteries, and most laptop batteries) are allowed in carry-on without needing airline approval. 

You can bring multiple such batteries for personal use (see each airline’s limit below, usually a reasonable quantity like 15-20). For context, a 100 Wh battery might equate to roughly a 27,000 mAh power bank (at 3.7 V nominal).

Large Batteries 100–160 Wh

Lithium-ion batteries between 101 Wh and 160 Wh are usually found in high-capacity laptop power units, professional video camera batteries, or portable medical equipment. These require airline approval before flying. 

You are generally limited to two (2) such large batteries per passenger in carry-on, and none in checked baggage. It’s best to contact your airline ahead of time if you need to travel with a battery in the 100–160 Wh range. 

Many airlines simply allow two of these in carry-on with prior notice, as this is an IATA (International Air Transport Association) standard.

Extra-large Batteries > 160 Wh

Lithium-ion batteries over 160 Wh (common in electric bikes, large camera rigs, some extended-life power stations) are not allowed on passenger aircraft at all in either carry-on or checked baggage. 

The only exceptions are certain mobility devices (like electric wheelchairs or scooters for mobility-impaired passengers) which have separate rules (often the battery must be securely installed and disconnected, or sometimes removed – we cover this below). 

If you have an oversized battery, it typically must be shipped separately as hazmat cargo, not in your luggage.

Lithium-metal Batteries

For non-rechargeable lithium metal batteries (e.g. AA lithium batteries, CR123 camera batteries, etc.), the limit is 2 grams of lithium content per battery. Standard consumer lithium metal cells are well below this (a typical AA lithium might have ~0.5 g). 

Like lithium-ion, spare lithium-metal batteries are allowed only in carry-on. The FAA also caps larger lithium-metal (2–8 g lithium) similarly to the 2 spare rule (with airline approval), but those sizes are uncommon for personal electronics (they might be in specialty equipment). 

In short, common lithium primary (non-rechargeable) batteries can be carried on, but not checked.

Proper Packing and Protection

All spare batteries should be protected against short-circuit. This means covering the terminals (with tape or by keeping each battery in its original packaging or a separate plastic bag or battery case). 

Tossing a loose battery in a bag where it could rub against keys or coins is dangerous – a short can make the battery overheat. The TSA and airlines may inspect how your spares are packed. 

Tip: Use the plastic covers that come with many device batteries or use electrical tape over the contacts. Keep each battery in a separate pocket or bag.

Quantity Limits

For small batteries (<100 Wh), the rules say they must be “for personal use” and in “reasonable” quantities. 

The IATA guidelines set a suggested limit of 15 personal electronic devices (PEDs) and 20 spare batteries per passenger. The U.S. DOT doesn’t hard-code a number for <100 Wh spares in regulations, but in practice airlines often use the 20 spare battery guideline. 

If you show up with an excessive number of loose batteries, expect security or the airline to question it. For most travelers, this isn’t an issue – e.g., a couple of phone power banks, some camera batteries, a spare drone battery, etc., are fine.

By following these universal rules, you’ll satisfy the requirements of all U.S. airlines. Now let’s look at each airline’s specific policies or any unique differences. In general, you’ll notice more similarities than differences, as they all adhere to the FAA’s safety foundation.

Lithium Battery Policies of Major U.S. Airlines

Each airline publishes hazardous materials guidelines which include battery rules. Below we outline the policies of all major U.S. passenger airlines. 

We highlight any airline-specific limits or procedures (for instance, some airlines specify an exact number of batteries allowed, or have recently updated rules for devices like smart bags or power banks in use). Always double-check with your airline before traveling, but this guide will give you a comprehensive overview.

American Airlines

American Airlines follows the standard FAA rules closely. 

Spare lithium batteries are not allowed in checked bags on American flights – you must put spares in your carry-on. This applies to lithium-ion (rechargeable) and lithium-metal batteries alike. 

Devices with batteries (laptops, phones, cameras) are allowed in checked luggage if the battery remains installed in the device and the device is turned off, but American strongly recommends keeping electronics with you in the cabin. 

American’s policy highlights the need to prevent short-circuits: spare batteries should be in original retail packaging or with terminals insulated (taped or in separate plastic bags). 

Quantity and size limits

American Airlines permits lithium-ion batteries up to 100 Wh in carry-on without special approval. If you have spare batteries between 100 Wh and 160 Wh, you’re limited to two spares and you should contact American for approval prior to travel. 

American’s publicly stated allowance for small batteries (<100 Wh) is generous – they allow up to 4 spares under 100 Wh per passenger in carry-on. For larger batteries (100–160 Wh), you can carry at most 2 spares in carry-on. 

Any battery over 160 Wh is not allowed, unless it’s part of an FAA-approved medical device or mobility aid (in which case you must arrange it with American’s Special Assistance team in advance). 

For example, American notes that customers traveling with battery-powered wheelchairs or medical equipment with big lithium-ion batteries (160–300 Wh range) need to notify the airline ahead of time and may be allowed with proper documentation.

American Airlines also explicitly mentions some device-specific rules:

• E-cigarettes and vaping devices: cannot be in checked baggage and must be carried on. If you have to gate-check a carry-on, remove any e-cigarettes or spare batteries and keep them with you.

• Smart bags: American will accept “smart luggage” (bags with built-in lithium battery power banks) only if the battery can be removed. If you plan to check a smart bag, you must remove the battery and carry it on board. If the battery cannot be removed, the bag is not allowed as checked or carry-on.

• Hoverboards and electric personal transporters: American, like most airlines, bans hoverboards or any lithium battery-powered self-balancing transport devices from both cabin and checked baggage, due to the high risk from their powerful batteries.

In summary, if you fly American Airlines, bring your spare batteries in your carry-on (up to four spares under 100 Wh, two if they’re larger 100–160 Wh). 

Tape the terminals or use cases, and don’t pack any lithium batteries in checked bags except those properly installed in electronics (which should be turned off). American’s rules align with FAA standards to ensure safe flights.

Delta Air Lines

Delta Air Lines has comprehensive guidelines for batteries, which mirror FAA regulations with a few extra details. 

Like all carriers, Delta prohibits loose lithium batteries in checked luggage – spares must travel in carry-on. If you end up gate-checking a carry-on that has spare batteries or devices like e-cigarettes, Delta requires you to remove those items and keep them in the cabin. 

Key points from Delta’s policy:

Lithium-Ion Batteries (Rechargeable)

Must be 160 Wh or less. Delta confirms that any lithium-ion battery over 160 Wh is not allowed on passenger flights. Batteries up to 160 Wh are fine in carry-on. 

If installed in a device, they can be in carry-on or checked (device off). Spare lithium-ion batteries (not in a device) are carry-on only, and you’re allowed two spares in the 100–160 Wh range per person. 

For small batteries under 100 Wh, Delta doesn’t specify an exact count limit in their public-facing info – they use the general “reasonable quantity for personal use” language. However, Delta’s internal guidance (and IATA rules) suggest a cap of 20 spare batteries per passenger, which is plenty for almost any traveler. 

In practice, TSA won’t count every AA battery in your bag – “20” is to prevent commercial quantities.

Lithium-Metal Batteries (Non-Rechargeable)

Delta allows lithium-metal batteries with up to 2 grams of lithium content each. These are usually small primary cells. They can go in carry-on (spares in original packaging or taped to prevent shorting) and if installed in equipment, that equipment can be checked or carried on. Again, no spares in checked.

Device Limits

Delta explicitly limits each person to 15 personal electronic devices (PEDs) on board. This would include smartphones, tablets, cameras, laptops, etc. It’s unlikely a typical passenger exceeds that, but if you carry a lot of gadgets, be mindful.

Protecting Batteries

Delta emphasizes proper packing of spares. They advise keeping each spare battery in its own protective case or bag, or taping over the terminals. They also warn not to crush or puncture batteries, and not to let metal objects touch the terminals. These instructions are there to prevent accidental shorts that could cause a fire.

Hoverboards and Electric Transport Devices

Delta was one of the first U.S. airlines to ban hoverboards outright. Their policy states that hoverboards or any lithium battery-powered self-balancing personal transportation devices are not accepted as carry-on or checked baggage on Delta. The risk from those large batteries (often well over 160 Wh) is deemed too high.

Recalled Batteries/Devices

Delta, following DOT regulations, forbids any battery known to be defective or recalled (like certain laptop batteries, phones, or power banks that have been recalled for fire risk) from both carry-on and checked baggage. They advise not traveling with such items at all.

Delta’s policy is very much in line with FAA rules. Practically, if you fly Delta, you can carry on your spare camera batteries, drone batteries, or power banks – just pack them safely and don’t exceed ~20 spares. 

If you have any large battery (like 150 Wh), limit it to two and get approval. And remember to keep things like vape pens and spare batteries out of checked bags (Delta will ask at check-in and at boarding about this). 

Delta also reminds customers that if a carry-on bag containing electronics or batteries is gate-checked (due to a full flight), you must remove those electronics/batteries – they cannot go in the hold. Pay attention during boarding announcements for this reminder.

United Airlines

United Airlines’ lithium battery policies are very similar to Delta’s and American’s, with standard restrictions in place. 

United doesn’t allow any spare lithium batteries in checked baggage. All spare lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries must be in your carry-on. 

United staff may phrase this as “no loose batteries in checked bags,” meaning any battery not installed in a device cannot be in checked luggage – the same rule everyone has. United’s publicly stated rules include:

Quantity and Size

United allows up to two spare lithium-ion batteries per passenger if they are in the 100–160 Wh range. Each of those spares must not exceed 160 Wh. This effectively matches the FAA limit of two large spares. 

For smaller batteries (<100 Wh), United doesn’t list a specific maximum number on their website, implying you can bring a reasonable amount for personal use (again, think of the 15 devices/20 spares guideline as a reference). 

United’s hazardous items page notes the 160 Wh limit and the need to separately protect each spare battery (each battery should be in its own protective cover or packaging). They want to ensure no two battery terminals touch in luggage.

Devices in Checked Bags

United, like others, permits devices with lithium batteries in checked baggage under certain conditions. The device should be completely turned off and protected against accidental activation. 

For example, a laptop in checked luggage should be shut down (not just sleep mode) and perhaps wrapped in clothes to cushion it. United’s policy implicitly allows it because it references FAA guidance that portable electronic devices may be in checked bags if properly protected. 

However, United’s check-in staff often ask if you have any lithium battery devices in your luggage. It’s usually recommended to keep valuable electronics in carry-on anyway to avoid damage or theft.

Smart Bags

United requires removable batteries for smart luggage. If a bag has an integrated lithium battery, you must remove it and carry it on if the bag is to be checked. If the battery cannot be removed, United will refuse the bag at check-in.

E-cigs and Others

United does not allow e-cigarettes, vaping devices, or spare lithium batteries in checked baggage (same as all airlines). These items have to be with you in the cabin. They also prohibit using or charging e-cigarettes during flight.

Fire Safety

United crews are trained to handle battery fires. There have been incidents (for example, a spare battery catching fire in a passenger’s bag in an overhead bin). United flights carry fire containment bags and extinguishers. As a passenger, if any of your devices is damaged, overheating, or lost between seats, notify the crew immediately. 

(United has in the past reminded passengers not to move their seats electrically if a phone slips between seats, because crushing the phone’s lithium battery can cause a fire.)

In summary, flying United, you should follow the golden rules: no loose spares in checked bags, keep devices off in checked luggage, carry on your power banks and camera/drone batteries. 

If you have more than two big batteries or any unusual battery, call United ahead of time. They, like others, abide by the FAA regulations to ensure safety. 

United’s allowance of two spares up to 160 Wh covers most needs. And like other airlines, United bans large lithium battery-powered transport devices (hoverboards, electric skateboards, etc.) completely. Always pack each battery properly – United explicitly says to use individual covers or bags for spares to prevent short circuits.

Southwest Airlines

Southwest Airlines generally follows the same lithium battery rules, but they have a couple of unique points to note, especially as of 2025. 

First, the basics: Southwest does not allow spare lithium batteries in checked luggage at all. If you check a bag, any loose batteries or power banks must be removed and kept in your carry-on. 

Southwest’s customer guidance states passengers can travel with a healthy number of spare batteries in carry-on – up to 20 spares per person. This includes things like phone power banks, USB battery packs, rechargeable camera batteries, etc. Twenty is an ample allowance (essentially the same as the industry guideline). 

For batteries in the 100–160 Wh range, Southwest allows up to two spares (same as others) in carry-on with airline approval. 

You’d need to find a Southwest agent or contact them prior if you intend to bring something like a 150 Wh video camera battery or a large drone battery. Over 160 Wh aren’t permitted (except possibly in mobility devices – those are handled separately with documentation). 

Where Southwest has broken new ground is a recent policy update in May 2025 regarding power banks and portable chargers in use. 

Southwest became the first U.S. airline to explicitly require that if you are using a portable charger (battery pack) during flight, it must be in plain sight – you can no longer charge your phone or device with a power bank that’s stowed in a bag or the overhead bin. 

In other words, you can use your power bank at your seat, but you can’t leave it tucked in your backpack while it’s charging something. This rule was implemented for safety, so that crew can spot any overheating battery immediately and access it. 

After some in-flight fire incidents, Southwest decided that a battery actively supplying power should be visible. If you fly Southwest, be prepared that a flight attendant might ask you to take any charging device out of your bag. (They don’t forbid using them to charge, you just have to keep the battery where it can be observed.)

Additional Southwest specifics:

E-cigarettes

Southwest prohibits e-cigs in checked bags and they must be in carry-on (this is standard). They also don’t allow charging or using e-cigarettes on board (FAA bans in-flight smoking/vaping).

Smart Luggage

Southwest will only accept smart bags if the battery is removable. If you check a smart bag, you have to remove the battery. If the battery can’t be taken out, they won’t accept the bag as checked or carry-on.

Hoverboards

Southwest, like others, bans hoverboards and similar lithium battery riding devices entirely, due to fire risk.

Damaged Batteries

If a battery looks damaged or is defective (swellings, leaks), Southwest won’t let it on board. It’s rare a passenger would intentionally bring a bad battery, but sometimes power banks get swollen – don’t bring those.

In practice, flying Southwest is straightforward: carry on all your spares (they’re generous with the 20-battery limit). Keep them ideally in their packaging or tape the terminals. You can pack devices with batteries in checked luggage if needed (off and protected), but it’s better to carry them on. 

And if charging your phone with a power bank in-flight, remember to keep that power bank out in the open. The flight attendants may make an announcement about this new rule as well.

Alaska Airlines

Alaska Airlines adheres to the same federal rules on lithium batteries and has detailed info on their website about hazardous items. Core points for Alaska:

No spare lithium batteries in checked baggage. Alaska explicitly states you may bring spare lithium batteries (like those for laptops, cameras, phones) in carry-on baggage only. Spare batteries, including external USB chargers (power banks), are not allowed in checked bags at all. If a checked bag is found to have spare batteries, they’ll ask you to remove them.

Devices with batteries can go in checked luggage only if the batteries are installed in the devices and the devices are turned off. Alaska even clarifies that batteries in chargers or power banks are not considered “installed” (so a power bank isn’t allowed in checked just because it’s a “device” – it’s still a spare battery).

Alaska doesn’t impose a strict count on small batteries; they expect personal-use quantities. They do mention the standard limit of two spares for the 100–160 Wh range (like others, with approval).

Smart Bags

Alaska Airlines has specific rules about smart luggage. They will only accept smart bags if the lithium battery can be removed without tools. If you want to check a smart bag, you must remove its battery/power bank and carry the battery on the plane. Bags with non-removable batteries or batteries over 160 Wh are not allowed as either checked or carry-on with Alaska. This policy is very similar to other carriers, aimed at preventing a battery fire in a bag that crew can’t get to.

Hoverboards and Electric Devices

Alaska explicitly bans hoverboards and similar battery-powered boards or scooters. They state that self-balancing devices with lithium batteries are not accepted in either checked or carry-on. Even if some hoverboard claims “FAA approved” batteries, Alaska will not take it (they note that government agencies don’t actually “approve” batteries, so ignore marketing claims).

Battery-powered Mobility Aids

Alaska makes an exception for mobility devices (wheelchairs, etc.), as required by law. They will carry those but have rules (like disconnecting the battery, protecting terminals, etc., depending on device type). If you are traveling with a battery-powered wheelchair or scooter, contact Alaska in advance to get the exact procedure – typically the battery must either be removable and carried on or securely attached and the power switched off and terminals protected.

Packing Spares

Alaska’s guidance aligns with others: tape the terminals or use original packaging for spares. They also link to the FAA Pack Safe chart for travelers to reference.

Recalled Batteries

Alaska reminds passengers that any recalled lithium battery (like certain laptop batteries that were recalled for fire risk) cannot be brought on board until repaired or replaced. They cite the FAA rule on this – so if your device was subject to a lithium battery recall, make sure it’s been fixed.

Overall, Alaska Airlines’ lithium battery policy is stringent but standard. If you’re flying Alaska, just remember: carry-on for all spares and keep devices off in checked bags. 

Alaska doesn’t throw any curveballs beyond what the FAA mandates. One highlight: Alaska is serious about non-removable batteries in things like smart bags or strollers – they won’t accept those items at all if the battery can’t be taken out. 

So, plan to remove batteries from any luggage or stroller that has a built-in charger. Aside from that, bringing your camera batteries, GoPro batteries, drone batteries, etc., on Alaska is fine as long as they’re with you in the cabin and properly protected.

JetBlue Airways

JetBlue’s policy on lithium batteries aligns with the standard rules as well. Here’s what to expect when flying JetBlue:

Spare Batteries in Carry-on

JetBlue allows lithium batteries in carry-on baggage and explicitly forbids spares in checked luggage. If you have extra lithium-ion batteries (for cameras, phones, etc.) or power banks, pack them in your carry-on. JetBlue’s guidance is that lithium-ion batteries must be under 100 Wh for hassle-free travel. This covers the vast majority of consumer electronics.

Watt-hour Limits

Up to 100 Wh, you’re good to go (no approval needed). If you have a battery between 100 and 160 Wh, JetBlue will require that you notify them (ideally before flying or at check-in) and you’re limited to two of those in carry-on. They will not allow any battery over 160 Wh. 

One thing JetBlue has mentioned is that power banks (which are essentially spare lithium batteries) should be brought to their attention – likely meaning if you have a very high-capacity power bank near that 100 Wh limit, it’s wise to inform JetBlue or get approval. 

Essentially, JetBlue doesn’t want surprises, so large batteries or unusual cases should be declared. This is similar to other airlines; JetBlue just specifically mentions power banks as an item category.

Devices in Checked Baggage

Like everyone, JetBlue says if you must put a device with a lithium battery in checked baggage, it needs to be completely powered off and protected. They prefer you keep devices (especially laptops and tablets) in carry-on. JetBlue’s policy notes that checked luggage may contain lithium batteries only if installed in electronics, and no spares.

International Flights

If you’re flying JetBlue to international destinations (they serve the Caribbean, London, etc.), the same lithium rules apply, but JetBlue reminds passengers that other countries might have additional restrictions. 

For example, some countries limit the total number of spares to 2 or 3 regardless of size. Always check if the country you’re flying to or from has any special battery rules. 

JetBlue enforces the IATA regulations worldwide, so you shouldn’t run into issues on their flights as long as you follow the standard guidelines.

Damaged Batteries

JetBlue, like others, will not allow any battery that’s damaged or likely to short out. If you have a device with a swollen battery, you cannot fly with it – fix it first. 

They also advise using cases or insulation for batteries especially near the 100 Wh threshold to avoid any mishaps during security screening (like a battery causing an alarm).

Crew Training

JetBlue crews are trained for lithium battery incidents, and they carry safety kits. So as a passenger, if something happens (e.g. a device overheating), inform them immediately.

When traveling on JetBlue, treat your lithium batteries just as you would on any airline: no loose batteries in checked bags, carry them on and tape or cover terminals. 

JetBlue doesn’t impose a specific count on small batteries in their public info – so bringing a handful of spares is fine. The key is each one should be under 100 Wh (again, virtually all phone or camera batteries are). 

If you had a very large power pack (like those charger bricks for camping) near 160 Wh, bring only two and clear it with JetBlue. In short, JetBlue’s policy is by the book, with an emphasis on safety and proper handling.

Spirit Airlines

Spirit Airlines, as an ultra-low-cost carrier, still abides by the same safety regulations for lithium batteries. Spirit’s carriage rules for batteries are in line with FAA requirements:

No spares in Checked Bags

Spirit prohibits spare (uninstalled) lithium batteries in checked luggage. If you’re flying Spirit, put all extra batteries and power banks in your carry-on. For example, Spirit’s support site notes that spare lithium batteries are accepted in carry-on baggage ONLY. They make no exception to that rule.

Carry-on Allowances

Spirit doesn’t explicitly publish a number limit for spare batteries, but they will adhere to the standard personal use quantities (again, around 20 spares, 15 devices maximum as a guideline). If you have an unusually large number of batteries, expect that to be flagged. But a reasonable amount (camera plus a couple spare batteries, a phone charger, etc.) is perfectly fine.

Watt-hour and Gram Limits

Spirit will follow the 100 Wh threshold as well. Under 100 Wh – no airline approval needed. 100–160 Wh – you should seek Spirit’s approval (likely through their customer support prior to your flight or at check-in) and you’re limited to two. Over 160 Wh – not allowed. 

For lithium metal, Spirit would allow up to 2 grams lithium content per battery in carry-on, which covers basically all consumer non-rechargeables.

Smart Bags

Spirit does not accept smart luggage with non-removable batteries. Their policy specifically says they will not accept smart bags either as carry-on or checked baggage if the lithium battery cannot be removed, as it “could pose a safety risk.” If the battery is removable, you must take it out and carry it on your person or in cabin baggage.

Drones

A common question is about drone batteries (which are lithium-ion). Spirit’s guidance (via their support FAQ) is that drones can be brought onboard, but the spare drone batteries are treated like any spare – carry-on only, and usually individually protected. 

They don’t mention a specific number, but typically you’d be limited by the 2 spare rule if the drone batteries are large (e.g. some drone packs are ~44 Wh, which is under 100 Wh, so more could be allowed; if they were over 100 Wh, then max 2).

E-cigarettes

Like all airlines, Spirit forbids e-cigarettes and vaping devices in checked luggage. They must be on your person or in carry-on, and you cannot use them in flight.

Other Devices

Spirit, too, will not transport hoverboards or those mini segways with lithium batteries. They’ve had warnings about this since those devices became popular and started catching fire in 2015–2016. Do not try to bring a hoverboard to a Spirit flight – it’ll be refused at the counter.

Wheelchairs

If you are flying Spirit with a battery-powered wheelchair or mobility scooter, contact their special assistance team. They will carry them, but you have to disconnect the battery and perhaps tape up the terminals. The rules are a bit technical (they might have you remove the battery and carry it on if it’s lithium-ion, depending on watt-hours).

In essence, Spirit’s rules are no different from larger airlines: spare lithium batteries in cabin only, devices off if in checked baggage, 100 Wh and 2g lithium content limits, two spares if 100–160 Wh, none above that. 

Because Spirit flights often have many passengers with only carry-ons (to avoid bag fees), you might find Spirit employees are quite used to seeing electronics in carry-ons. 

Just ensure you don’t accidentally leave a battery in a checked suitcase, as Spirit will find it in the X-ray screening and you’ll have to remove it. 

Pack your camera batteries, phone chargers, Bluetooth speaker (with its battery), etc., in your personal item or carry-on bag. If you do that, you won’t have any issues flying with Spirit as far as batteries are concerned.

Frontier Airlines

Frontier Airlines is another budget carrier, and they actually publish a very clear and somewhat stricter policy regarding lithium batteries:

Carry-on Only for Spares

Frontier states that no loose lithium batteries are allowed in checked bags – they must be in carry-on. But Frontier goes a step further in limiting quantity: they allow a maximum of two (2) spare lithium batteries per passenger in carry-on. This is more restrictive than most other airlines (which typically allow more small spares). 

Frontier’s rule likely stems from an older FAA guideline about “two larger batteries,” but their wording suggests even small batteries might be capped at two spares. 

In practice, if you have a couple of camera batteries and maybe a power bank, you’re within this limit. If you had a bag full of AA lithiums or lots of drone batteries, Frontier’s rule technically would only allow two of them as spares. 

It’s a point to be aware of – Frontier may be enforcing a conservative interpretation.

Protecting Spares

Frontier requires that the two spare batteries be stored in separate zip-top plastic bags or in original packaging, or with terminals taped. 

They are quite specific: either keep each battery in a Ziploc bag or the retail packaging or tape over the terminals to prevent any contact. This is good practice on any airline, but Frontier explicitly makes it a requirement for those two spares.

Installed Batteries in Devices

If the battery is installed in a device, Frontier is okay with it being in checked luggage (though not preferred). They say for checked baggage: batteries must be installed in a device, and no loose/spare batteries are accepted in checked bags. So you could check a laptop or a drone with its battery inserted, but you couldn’t check an extra battery separately.

Size Limits

Frontier uses a slightly different measure in their public-facing info, which can confuse travelers: they mention for lithium-ion, the battery “weight” must be 8 grams or less per battery. 

This actually refers to the equivalent lithium content (8 grams roughly equates to 100 Wh for Li-ion; it’s an old way of measuring lithium quantity in batteries). 

For lithium-metal, they cite 2 grams or less lithium content (which is the standard for metal batteries). In simpler terms, Frontier is saying the spare batteries have to be small: lithium-ion spares must be ≤100 Wh (since >100 Wh would have more than 8 g of lithium equivalent), and lithium-metal spares must be the type with ≤2 g lithium (which covers typical CR123 or AA lithium, etc.). 

They likely would also allow the typical two batteries in the 100–160 Wh range as spares with approval (that’s not clearly stated in the snippet we have, but FAA rules allow it, so Frontier should as well if you arrange it).

Application

For example, if you fly Frontier with a drone that has three batteries, each 40 Wh, technically Frontier’s published rule says only two of those spares can fly. 

In practice, if you asked Frontier, they might treat it as “two spares” plus one in the drone (since the one in the drone is not a spare). 

So one battery can be installed in the drone (in checked or carry-on), and two spare drone batteries in carry-on, each in their own plastic bags – that would comply. If you needed to carry more, you’d need airline approval.

Smart Bags and Devices

Frontier, like others, won’t accept smart luggage with non-removable batteries. Remove the battery and carry it on. They also ban hoverboards and similar devices outright due to the big lithium batteries.

Enforcement

Frontier is known to be strict at times with baggage, so do expect that they might ask specifically about batteries at check-in. The mention on their site shows they are conscious of the issue.

If you’re taking Frontier, plan to limit your spare batteries to two in your carry-on to be fully compliant. Make sure they are individually protected (use tape or bags). And absolutely no spares in checked bags. 

Frontier’s stricter stance likely comes from an abundance of caution, given some high-profile battery fires. For most travelers, two spares are enough (e.g., an extra camera battery and a power bank). 

If you do need more for some reason, consider reaching out to Frontier before your flight to get permission or discuss options. Always better to be safe and upfront, as getting caught with prohibited spares at the gate could mean having to leave them behind.

Hawaiian Airlines

Hawaiian Airlines, serving Hawaii and U.S. mainland and international routes, similarly follows the established lithium battery rules:

No Checked Spares

Hawaiian does not allow spare lithium batteries in checked luggage, in line with FAA regulations. You must carry on any loose batteries or power banks.

Limits

Hawaiian’s policy is essentially the IATA standard as well: up to 15 devices and 20 spares per person. 

They haven’t publicized any unique number like Southwest’s 20 or Frontier’s 2; they simply adhere to the general guideline. So small batteries under 100 Wh in carry-on are fine in reasonable amounts. Larger 100–160 Wh, two allowed with approval. None above 160 Wh except possibly in special cases (like mobility devices).

Smart Bags

Hawaiian Airlines implemented a policy that as of January 15, 2018, any bag with a lithium battery (smart bag) must have the battery removed to be accepted. If the battery is non-removable, they will not accept the bag. This is the same as other carriers instituted around that time when smart bags became popular.

Devices and Spares

If you’re flying Hawaiian, treat your batteries as you would on any other airline: bring your extras in your carry-on, pack them safely, and keep devices off in checked baggage. 

Hawaiian’s crews are also trained for dealing with battery incidents (and being a long-haul airline, they might have more experience with people bringing backup batteries for laptops on long flights).

Unique Concerns

One thing to consider on flights to Hawaii is that many people bring things like underwater camera equipment or drones on vacation – so you might have multiple GoPro batteries or drone packs. 

Just remember to have them in carry-on and you won’t have an issue. Hawaiian’s rules won’t differ: you can likely bring several GoPro batteries (they’re small), as that’s within personal use.

International Flights on Hawaiian

If you’re flying Hawaiian overseas (e.g., to Japan, Korea, Australia, etc.), know that they will also abide by any destination country rules, but these rarely differ from the standard. 

Just ensure you don’t exceed the spares limit of 20 or carry any outrageous battery sizes.

Hawaiian doesn’t put out much separate documentation on batteries beyond referencing the FAA pack safe guidance. Essentially, expect the standard treatment: carry-on for spares, two max if they’re large, none in checked except installed in turned-off devices.

Allegiant Air

Allegiant Air is a domestic budget airline in the U.S., and like others, it complies with FAA battery rules:

Spare Batteries Must be in Carry-on

Allegiant will not allow loose lithium batteries or charging banks in checked baggage. All spares need to be with you in the cabin.

Limits and Sizes

Allegiant’s policy isn’t heavily detailed publicly, but behind the scenes they follow the same limits: 100 Wh free allowance, 100–160 Wh two with approval, >160 Wh not allowed on passenger flights. They likely expect passengers to have just a few batteries for personal electronics.

Special Items

Allegiant’s contracts of carriage and guidelines note hazardous materials and lithium batteries, but nothing deviating from the norm. As a smaller airline, they haven’t issued unique statements like Southwest’s visible battery rule, etc. So just stick to the basics with Allegiant.

Enforcement

Allegiant primarily operates out of smaller airports, but TSA will still be checking your bags for any prohibited battery placements. Make sure you don’t accidentally pack a spare camera battery in your checked suitcase for that Vegas trip – keep it in your carry-on.

When flying Allegiant, you can carry on your phone chargers, camera batteries, etc., just like any other airline. If you had something unusual like a medical device on batteries or an e-bike battery, definitely contact them ahead of time. Otherwise, the standard personal electronics battery rules apply.

As we’ve seen, all U.S. airlines have broadly similar policies on lithium batteries because they’re all grounded in the FAA’s safety regulations. The differences come down mainly to how explicitly they state quantity limits or any extra precautions they emphasize. 

Airlines like Frontier and Southwest have specific numbers in their rules (Frontier’s 2-battery carry-on limit, Southwest’s 20-battery allowance), while others simply expect you to follow the general guidance.

Tips for Traveling Safely with Lithium Batteries

To wrap up, here are some expert tips to ensure your trip with lithium batteries goes smoothly and safely:

Pack Batteries Properly

As mentioned, always cover the terminals of any spare battery. Use tape (electrical or masking tape works well) over the contacts, or put each battery in a small plastic battery case or bag. This prevents them from shorting if they jostle in your bag. It also protects them from moisture or damage. If you have the original packaging for a battery (like the little cardboard box or plastic sleeve it came in), use that.

Device Batteries

For devices in your carry-on, consider putting a piece of tape over the on/off switch or removing the batteries if easily removable, just so they don’t accidentally activate. For instance, remove the batteries from a flashlight or camera if you can, to prevent it from accidentally turning on during the flight (which could overheat the device in a confined space).

Prevent Crushing

Don’t pack heavy items on top of devices with lithium batteries. A crushed phone or laptop in a checked bag could have its battery compromised. In carry-on, try not to wedge your electronics in places they could be crushed either (like under a lot of other stuff in the overhead bin).

Keep Some Batteries with Devices

A good practice is to keep a battery inserted in its device when possible, rather than loose. For example, put one camera battery in the camera (off, of course) and the rest as spares. An installed battery is less likely to short out than one floating around. 

But remember, you still cannot put a device with battery in checked baggage if you have an extra battery taped to its side or something – that extra one counts as a spare.

Watch the Temperature

Extreme heat can trigger lithium battery issues. Don’t leave devices or batteries in a hot car on the way to the airport, for instance. And on the plane, if you notice a device overheating (phone getting very hot, etc.), turn it off.

Respond to Problems

If a battery or device is damaged, crushed, or making hissing sounds, feels extremely hot, smells like burning, or is smoking, handle it carefully. Inform airline staff immediately if this happens during boarding or flight. They have training and equipment (fire extinguishers, fire containment bags) to deal with it. 

For example, flight crews are trained to use halon fire extinguishers and then cool a overheating battery with water or soda (water is actually effective at cooling lithium battery fires). Some airlines, like American, even carry specialized battery containment bags on board.

Spare Batteries Accessibility

Keep your spare batteries in a part of your carry-on that’s easily accessible. TSA may want to inspect them, and you’ll also want to be able to quickly retrieve them if needed. Some travelers use a dedicated pouch for all their batteries – you can pull it out during the security scan if asked.

Check Airline Updates

Battery policies can evolve. For instance, Southwest’s new rule about visible power banks shows how airlines adapt to safety concerns. Always glance at your airline’s “Restricted Items” page or hazardous goods policy before flying, especially if it’s been a while or if you’re carrying something new (like an e-bike battery or a new gadget).

International Connections

If you are transferring to a non-U.S. airline later, remember that international carriers also follow similar rules, but some may have quirks (a few limit you to two spare batteries total, etc.). When in doubt, distribute batteries among traveling companions if one person has a lot, so no single passenger appears to exceed limits.

Label and Document Large Batteries

If you are traveling with a bigger lithium battery (say for professional equipment or medical device), ensure the Watt-hour (Wh) rating is clearly labeled on it (most are). If it’s not, carry a specification sheet or documentation from the manufacturer. Airlines may ask for proof of watt-hours if it looks large. If it’s a medical device battery slightly over 160 Wh, have your doctor’s letter and airline approval handy.

Dispose of Bad Batteries

Do not travel with a battery that you suspect is faulty. If your phone battery is bulging or your laptop battery barely holds a charge and gets super hot, address that before flying. It’s not worth the risk, and it likely wouldn’t pass security if noticed.

Following these tips, you should have no trouble flying with your essential electronics and backup power. Millions of lithium batteries fly safely every day in passengers’ devices – the rules and precautions are there to keep it that way. By packing smart and respecting the guidelines each airline has in place, you help ensure a safe flight for everyone.

Conclusion

Lithium batteries may be commonplace, but airlines treat them with care for good reason. The bottom line for all U.S. airlines is consistent: pack smart, keep spares with you in the cabin, and avoid any high-capacity batteries that aren’t allowed. 

If you do that, you’ll breeze through security and boarding without issues. Always check your specific airline’s website before you fly for any last-minute rule changes, especially if you’re carrying unusual batteries. 

With the information in this guide, you’re now prepared to travel confidently across all U.S. airlines with your lithium-powered gadgets, staying both safe and compliant with the regulations.